Mar 12, 2020  Hives is a skin rash that can cause the skin to be red and have itchy bumps. Learn possible reasons to have rashes and treatments. Hives is a skin rash that can cause the skin to be red and have itchy bumps. Learn possible reasons to have rashes and treatments. Skip navigation. National Library of Medicine. Urticaria – also known as hives, weals, welts or nettle rash – is a raised, itchy rash that appears on the skin. It may appear on one part of the.

Ordinary urticariais divided into (lasting a few hours or days or up to six weeks) and (persisting more than six weeks, and sometimes life-long). is self-limiting and often related to infection, and less often due to food or is. has no specific external cause (thus ') and is considered autoimmune in most cases. Ordinary urticaria may be accompanied by.The weals are well defined raised lesions with a smooth surface. They may be red or white, surrounded by a red or white flare. Weals range in size from a few millimetres to many centimetres in diameter. The shape also varies: round, polycyclic (overlapping circles), annular (ring-shaped), geographic (like a map).

They are randomly distributed on the body and may affect any site. They last no more than 24 hours and do not leave any marks behind.Ordinary urticaria: asymmetrical weals that clear within 24 hours. Inducible urticaria(previously known as physical urticaria) arises in response to an external factor. Classification is according to the provoking factor: stroking the skin in (skin writing), acetylcholine released during sweating in, cold air or water in, local heat in, a contact factor in, water of any type or temperature in, sun exposure in and firm pressure in.

Physical urticarias have the following characteristics. Weals are induced at the site of the provoking factor. Weals last about 15 minutes, nearly always less than one hour (with the exception of delayed pressure urticaria, which lasts hours to days)Inducible urticaria: short-lasting weals at the site of provoking factor. What are urticaria-like skin lesions?Urticaria-like skin lesions are reddish or skin-coloured flat patches or swellings with a smooth surface that persist for more than 24 hours. Insect bitesoften result in itchy bumps ( papules) or weals. Their characteristics include:. Initial sting is often felt.

On exposed sites. Central blister ( vesicle). Groups of lesions, often distributed asymmetrically. More commonly arise in summer and autumn months. Individual lesions persist for days to weeks.

Brownish discolouration that persists for months is often seen in a skin that tans easily.Children and, less frequently, adults may develop, which is interpreted as a hypersensitivity reaction to insect bites. No initial sting is felt, and old lesions may reappear.A reveals an inflammatory infiltrate that includes eosinophils and spongiosis of the epidermis.Insect bites: grouped urticarial lesions with central punctum or blister. Urticarial dermatitisUrticarial dermatitis presents with both urticaria-like and eczema-like lesions. Urticarial dermatitis usually affects elderly patients.

Persistent red itchy plaques may have a smooth surface (urticaria-like) or dry scratched surface (eczema-like). They are distributed symmetrically on the trunk, upper arms and thighs. In some cases, urticarial dermatitis is an adverse reaction to a drug.A biopsy may be reported as dermal dermatitis with mixed inflammatory cells in the dermis and minimal spongiosis in the epidermis.Urticarial dermatitis can be an early sign of. Eventually, tense blisters appear. Biopsy features eosinophils and subepidermal clefting with positive staining on direct immunofluorescence.Urticarial dermatitis: persistent red plaques with a smooth or dry surface. Contact dermatitisContact dermatitis sometimes appears urticarial rather than eczematous, with most of the inflammation in the dermis rather than the more superficial epidermis.

It appears at the site of contact with the responsible agent. It may arise in or. Lesions clear up over days to weeks. may reveal an allergen in allergic casesContact dermatitis should be distinguished from, which is a short-lasting type of physical urticaria (see above).Contact dermatitis: sometimes predominantly dermal. Erythema multiformeClassic presents with an acute eruption of target-shaped lesions on the hands, feet, knees and elbows. However target-shaped lesions may also be seen in ordinary urticaria. Target lesions are urticaria-like plaques characterised by concentric rings.

In erythema multiforme, blisters often arise in the centre of the plaques. Individual lesions persist for ten days to 3 weeks. Mucosal lesions occur in more severe cases. Erythema multiforme may be recurrent, usually due to herpes simplex virus infectionA is usually characteristic.Erythema multiforme: crops of target lesions on hands and knees. Urticarial drug eruptionsDrug eruptions include urticaria and urticaria-like eruptions. Individual lesions resolve within hours in drug-induced urticaria and persist for days in urticaria-like eruptions. They are often described as or maculopapular eruptions.

Urticaria pigmentosaUrticaria pigmentosa is a form of cutaneous in which there are brown macules and papules. Urticaria pigmentosa is mostly seen in infants and improves with age. It may also arise in adults when it tends to persist. Lesions may affect trunk and limbs, and less often scalp and face. The lesions urticate when they are rubbed, or spontaneously, i.e. The papules swell into weals, and these persist for up to an hour.

Lesions may blister in young children. There may be few to hundreds of lesions.

Systemic involvement may result in flushing and faintnessA may reveal increased numbers of mast cells, but these can be difficult to identify, and the tissue may look the same as normal skin.Urticaria pigmentosa: brown spots that urticate. Autoimmune blistering diseasesThe subepidermal may initially present with urticarial lesions several days or weeks before blisters appear. These urticarial lesions may be seen in:. (pemphigoid associated with pregnancy).The characteristics of autoimmune blistering diseases include:. Symmetrical distribution.

A tendency to involve trunk and skin folds ( flexures). Often affects the elderly (pemphigoid) or pregnant patient (pemphigoid gestationis).for routine and direct immunofluorescence studies are necessary to confirm the diagnosis.Urticarial plaques in autoimmune blistering diseases. Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancyor Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy is an eruption occurring during the last few weeks of pregnancy, usually in a first pregnancy. Small pink papules may join to form plaques. Urticarial lesions are most common, but eczematous and blistered plaques may also arise.

Lesions mostly affect the trunk, upper arms and thighs. The spots usually start in the stretch marks (striae gravidarum). PUPPP clears up within a few weeks of deliveryPUPPP: symmetrical urticated plaques favouring stretch marks. Autoimmune progesterone dermatitisis a rare, recurrent and itchy rash affecting women during their childbearing years.

Skin lesions appear during the second half of the menstrual cycle and resolve during the menstrual period. Urticaria, urticaria-like weals, eczema-like lesions, blisters and target lesions may occur. It is prevented when ovulation is prevented by an oral contraceptive agentInterstitial granulomatous dermatitisis a distinctive pathological entity of an unusual persistent skin eruption often of an urticarial type. Other lesions described with the same pathology include papules, nodules and plaques that are skin coloured, red or brown. These may be oval, annular or cord-like.Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis is associated with, particularly seronegative polyarthritis, and is occasionally seen in association with lymphoma, lung cancer, drugs and infectionsInterstitial granulomatous dermatitis. Wells syndrome, also called eosinophilic dermatitis, also presents with urticarial lesions.

Eosinophils are seen in the blood in 50% of patients. The lesions may be confined to one site or more generalised.

Individual lesions are itchy red to purple, swollen papules or plaques that resolve over days to weeks. They may resemble or. Lesions may be followed by brown marks that last for weeks to months.

Blisters may arise within the lesions. Lesions may recur in the same siteis characterised by eosinophils and flame figures.Wells syndrome.

Urticaria – as a feature of a systemic diseasePatients with ordinary urticaria do not usually have systemic symptoms, so if these are present, other diagnoses should be considered. Scombroid fish poisoningSudden onset of a red itchy rash within 30 minutes of consuming decomposing scombroid fish may be due to in which large amounts of histamine are ingested. Unlike urticaria, there are no weals. Other symptoms include a headache, palpitations, nausea, diarrhoea and collapse.Scombroid fish poisoning (tuna). Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosisNeutrophilic urticarial dermatosis presents with urticarial lesions that are defined by a histological reaction pattern revealing neutrophils lined up between collagen fibres. Fever and arthritis may accompany the skin lesions.

Blood tests reveal raised ESR / CRP and neutrophil leucocytosis (raised white cell count). Underlying inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis are often present. Unlike, there is no blistering or mucosal involvementNeutrophilic urticarial dermatosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Eosinophilic dermatosis of haematological malignancyarises in some forms of leukaemia. The skin lesions may include urticarial plaques. Autoinflammatory syndromesThe are a group of mainly genetic diseases that affect the skin and other organs. Urticarial wheals, macules and papules may occur.

Skin lesions are accompanied by fever and joint disease. Onset is frequently during childhood. The inflammation involves activation of the cytokine, interleukin IL-1betaUrticated erythemaAn urticated erythema means a rash with raised red patches. This includes many of the conditions described above.

When accompanying upper respiratory symptoms, such as a sore throat, fever and malaise, it is often due to the underlying viral infection and is a type of. An exanthem with flat red patches may also be called toxic erythema.

Hives is a raised, itchy rash that appears suddenly on the skin.Hives is a type of skin condition usually resulting in a raised, itchy rash. There are several different types of hives, although the effects are mostly the same.Types of hives include:Acute urticaria. This rash lasts less than 6 weeks and is usually brought on by an adverse or allergic reaction to certain foods or medications. Infections and insect bites can also cause this type of rash.Chronic urticaria and angioedema.

These rashes last for more than 6 weeks. The rash is may be caused by an underlying medical condition, such as thyroid disease, or.Chronic urticaria and is a more severe form of hives than acute urticarial, as it can spread to different areas of the body, including the lungs, muscles, and gastrointestinal tract. Angioedema is not usually itchy but causes a deeper swelling of the skin.Physical urticaria. This is due to irritation of the skin.

Extreme heat or cold, overexposure to the sun, or clothes rubbing the skin during exercise can all result in an outbreak. This rash rarely spreads beyond the original location.Dermatographism.

This condition is when hives occurs due to scratching or vigorously rubbing the skin. A hives outbreak occurs when high levels of histamine and other chemical messengers are released into the skin, causing a rash and other symptoms to surface.The high levels of histamine cause blood vessels in the affected area to open up and start to leak. The resulting fluid in the tissues causes swelling and itchiness.Different triggers might cause a person to have an outbreak of hives. Some common causes include:. an allergic reaction to food, an insect bite, or an animal. a reaction to a plant irritant, such as nettles. a change in temperature.

sun exposure. an infection, such as the or a cold. certain medications. preservatives and food additivesand ibuprofen, some medication (ACE inhibitors), and codeine are medications commonly associated with hives.If a person breaks out in hives, it is important for them to know what has triggered the reaction. Certain things can make the symptoms of hives worse, including:.

alcohol. caffeine. overheatingHives affect around of people at some point during their lifetime. They are more likely to occur in women and children than men. Adding oatmeal to a bath may help soothe the skin. A cold compress.

A person can apply a cool, damp cloth to the affected area. This can provide relief from itchiness and help reduce. A cold compress can be used as often as necessary. Bathing in an anti-itch solution. Oatmeal and baking soda baths can soothe skin and reduce irritation.

Adding witch hazel to a bath is another effective home remedy. Applying aloe vera.

The healing properties of aloe vera may soothe and reduce hives. It is advisable, however, to do a skin test before applying aloe vera to the entire area that is affected. Avoiding irritants. This includes perfumes, fragranced soaps or moisturizers, and staying out of the sun. A person should also stay cool and wear loose, comfortable clothing.Some people with chronic hives reduced symptoms when taking supplements. Hives is usually very treatable and does not cause complications on its own.

However, in more severe cases, angioedema may occur.Angioedema is a buildup of fluid in layers of the skin that causes swelling and can affect the eyes, lips, hands, feet, and genitals. Medication can be prescribed to manage and reduce the swelling.Recurrent hives can negatively impact the quality of a person’s life, causing them to feel stressed or anxious and can even lead to. A person should always speak to a doctor if hives is affecting the quality of their life.Some of the home remedies listed in this article are available for purchase online.

Download Hexen II: Hammer of Thyrion for free. A cross-platform port of Hexen II game. Hammer of Thyrion (uHexen2) is a cross-platform port of Raven Software's Hexen II source. It is based on an older linux port, Anvil of Thyrion. System Requirements. Processor: PC compatible, P-100 OS: Windows 9x, Windows 2000 Windows XP, Vista, Win 7, Win 8, Win 10. Game Features: Single game mode. Hexen ii download. Download Demo. HeXen II, HeXen: Beyond Heretic, HeXen: Deathkings of the Dark Citadel Package info. $9.99 Add to Cart. About This Game. The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse lurk in the shadows before you. They are Death, Pestilence, Famine, and War. They are the root of all that is evil. Hexen II is a dark fantasy first-person shooter made with the Quake engine, id Tech 2. It was the third game in the Hexen & Heretic series and the last in the Serpent Riders trilogy. It features single player and multi player game modes, as well as four character classes to choose from, each with different abilities.